1.1_Fertility and Nutrtion
Factors Affecting Fertility:
Use of contraceptives
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Diseases of the Reproductive Tubes
Genetics
How to Treat Infertility with Nutrition
Weight Loss of 10-15% of Total
Supplementation of Vitamin C and E Deficiencies
Adjustment of Fat Intake
Reduction of Stress
Hormone Therapy
Factors Negatively Affecting Male Fertility
Zinc Deficiency
Halogen Poisoning
Estrogen Exposure
Soy Products
Testicular Heat
Factors Negatively Affecting Female Fertility
Use of contraceptives
Age Over 35
Vegetarian Diet
Anorexia Nervosa
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Iron Deficiency
Nutrient Deficiencies Cause Reduced Fertility
In the Short Term Birth of a child
Weak in 50 out of every
1000 children in the long term
Zinc and Male Fertility
Zinc plays an important role in male fertility
because it reduces oxidants and
sperm mutations and helps in the production of the male hormone
Zinc Deficiency and Male Fertility
Zinc deficiency produces weak sperm in terms of
efficiency and count, and produces sperm with a
poor morphology.
To improve sperm quality, we give men
Zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin E supplements
Vitamin Supplementation and Female Fertility
Pre-pregnancy vitamin supplementation reduces
egg spoilage, and taking folic acid reduces
female infertility.
Vegetarians and Pregnancy
Vegetarians suffer from low levels of vitamin
B12 and vitamin D, so these vitamins should be supplemented
to avoid problems.
Factors that increase the risk of vitamin D deficiency:
Vegetarian diet
Dark skin
Obesity
Use of sunscreen
Lack of sun exposure
Low consumption of vitamin D-containing products
Pregnancy
The period from the moment of fertilization of the egg
until the baby is born
Duration: From the moment of fertilization until up to 42
weeks, approximately nine months
Requirements of B and C vitamins during pregnancy:
1B
1.4 mg
2B
1.4 mg
3B
18 mg
6B
1.9 mg
12B
2.6 mcg
C 85 mg
Requirements of fat-soluble vitamins during pregnancy:
D 5 mcg
A 770 mcg
E 15 mg
K 90 micrograms
Recommended daily intake of minerals during pregnancy:
Iron 27 milligrams
Calcium 1000 milligrams
Zinc 11 milligrams
Selenium 60 micrograms
Phosphorus 700 milligrams
Gestational Diabetes
This is when a mother develops diabetes during pregnancy.
Diagnosis: We perform a glucose tolerance test on the mother after an 8-hour fast.
We diagnose gestational diabetes in the following cases:
If the result after one hour is 180
If the result after two hours is above 155
If the result after three hours is above 1
Factors that increase the risk of gestational diabetes:
Obesity and excess weight
Women over 35 years of age
Malnutrition and low weight
Low fiber intake
Increased glucose intake
Treatment involves exercise and adherence to a diet.
Diet for women with gestational diabetes:
3 meals a day
Consuming whole grains
Weight loss
Reducing the intake of simple sugars
Using polyunsaturated fats
Nutritional needs of a pregnant woman with diabetes:
BMI kcal/kg
40
Less than 18.5
30
18.5-24.9
25
34-25
20
34 and above
Energy Distribution in Meals for Pregnant Women
10-20% at Breakfast
20-30% at Lunch
30-40% at Dinner
30% Snacks
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